【小学英语知识】动词过去式变化规则记忆技巧
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一、规则动词 (regullar verbs)的过去式由 “动词原形 +- ed”构成,具体变化有:
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1. 一般的直接在词尾加
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-ed?
如 : want — wanted, work — worked,?
need —needed,clean —cleaned
2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加 -d 。
如:like —liked, live —lived
use —used, move —moved?
smile–smiled,hope–hoped
注意:ie 结尾动词 ,直接加 d: died;tied.
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed 。
如:stop — stopped, trip —tripped
?pian—planned;
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4. 以辅音字母加y
结尾的动词, 先把 y 变成 i ,再加 -ed 。
如:study —studied, carry — carried,
?hurry — hurried, marry —married
?worried; studied.
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注意:规则动词过去式加“ ed”后的发音规则:
在浊辅音和元音后面[d]
called [k?:ld]
borrowed[b?r??d]
moved[mu:vd]
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在清辅音后面[t]
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helped[helpt]
passed[pa:st]
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在 [t] [d] 音后面[id]
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started[‘sta:tid]
counted[‘kauntid]
needed[‘ni:did]
counted[‘kauntid]
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二、不规则动词 (irregular verbs)的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法:
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1. 以 t 结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:
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put —put, let —let,?
cut —cut, beat —beat
read — read,must–must
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2. 以 d 结尾的词,把d 变成 t 。如 :
build —built, lend —lent,?
send —sent, spend — spent
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3. 以 n 结尾的词,在词后加t 。如:
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mean — meant, burn —burnt,?
learn —learnt
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4. 以 ow / aw 结尾的词, 把 ow / aw 变成 ew 。如:
blow —blew, draw —drew,?
know —knew,grow —grew
?throw —threw (动词 show 除外, show — showed )
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5. 含有双写字母的词, 将双写改为单写, 在词尾加 t 。如:
keep
—kept, sleep — slept,?
feel —felt,smell — smelt
sweep —swept
6. 含有元音字母 o / i 的词,将 o / i 变成 a。如:
come —came give —gave,?
sit —sat, drink — drank
7 .以 ought 和 aught 结尾,且读音是〔:t 〕的过去式。如:
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become — became,sing —sang,
?bring —brought , buy — bought ,?
think —thought , catch —caught ,?
teach —taught
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8 .把重读开音节中的i 改为 o,变成过去式。如:
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drive —drove,ride —rode,write —wrote
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9 .动词原形中的e 改为 o ,如:
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get — got , forget —forgot
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10 .动词原形中的ee 改为 e ,如:
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feed — fed , meet —met
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11 .动词原形中的eak 改为 oke ,如:
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break —broke , speak — spoke
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12 .动词原形中的ell 改为 old ,如:
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sell —sold , tell —told
13 .动词原形中的an 改为 oo ,如:
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stand — stood , understand —understood
14 .以 ould 结尾且读音为〔 ud 〕的情态动词过去式。如:?
can —could ,
shall —should , will —would
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15 .在动词原形后加d 或 t 变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
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hear 〔 hi 〕—heard 〔 h :d 〕, say〔 sei 〕—said〔 sed 〕,mean 〔 mi:n 〕—meant 〔 ment 〕?
16 .不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am , is —was , are — were , build —built , do —did , eat —ate , fall — fell , find — found , fly —flew , go —went , have / has — had , hold —held , leave — left , make — made ,may —might , run —ran , see — saw ,take —took
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