英语口语怎么快速提高 – 知乎(怎么快速说英语口语)

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no-repeat rgba(191,191,191,0.7);background-size:cover;cursor:pointer!important;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}谢邀，在剑桥读书时，教授曾经给我写过申请博士的一封推荐信，里面提到每节课不管是演讲，小组讨论还是辩论，我都是最能说的，也颠覆了她对剑桥中国学子的印象。
不敢说自己有bbc级别的发音，在口语学习和大家分享一些经验。
本文写了整整两周，从10000字砍到6000余字，所以如果你觉得这篇文章真的有用，请不要只收藏不点赞，不为自己求赞，只为认真的答案能被更多人看到。

当我们谈论学好口语时，首先要思考清楚“学好”的是哪种场景的口语，对症下药。

口语其实包括日常对话 (conversation)，讨论 (discussion)，演讲 (presentation) 三大主要场景，每种都各有特点。
日常对话 （conversation) 以非正式环境下一对一双向的口语使用，用词较为简单随意，包含很多习惯用法和俚语，越接地气越好。大家说平时跟着美剧英剧学口语，学的就是日常对话为主。
讨论 (discussion)是稍微正式的多人互动的口语使用，旨在表达一个观点并说服对方，用词和表达注重逻辑性和情感。之前刷屏牛津华裔辩论女学霸做了一个很好的展示。
演讲 (presentation) 是正式场景下一对多单方面的展示，用词较为正式和学术，使用书面语为主，旨在完整地向听众传达一个idea。最典型的就是大家喜闻乐见的ted。
脑补一下日常口语中和朋友聊天的时候，你用了演讲模式，一本正经蹦出各种文绉绉的书面语；在面对国际客户做重要的商务英语演讲或者论文答辩的时候，你开启了“美剧”模式，放纵自我一不小心说了“fuxking”。
重点是你还没意识到自己的错误，为自己的流利和地道暗中欣喜。
中文如此，英语更是如此，不同模式都需要灵活掌握，自由切换，在合适的场景进行对应的表达，这样你的口语才算学好。
当我们在谈论学好口语时，首先要思考你需要提高的是什么，这样才能对症下药。
三种口语场景其实是进阶式的，从易到难，从随意到精致，从面向个体到大众。

每个场景的攻略都包括两块:1.教材推荐 2. 练习方法
特别是国内语言环境缺失的背景下，怎么练习值得重点介绍。

日常对话 （conversation)

日常对话口语使用频率最高，也是学好口语基础。
1.1 教材推荐
音标入门:

《tree or three》:《剑桥国际英语语音入门(第2版)》讲述了:它与《ship or
sheep？》为同一系列，是由剑桥大学出版社出版的最为经典的英语语音教材。包含科学，系统的语音练习:逼真的口型图，详细的发音指导，互动的语音、音节、连读、重读与弱读、句子重音、语调、句子节奏等语音练习。

最小对立体（minimal pairs）的对比发音训练。特别适合中国学习者比较和纠正容易混淆的发音，在语音对比中更快更好地掌握英语发音的规律。丰富的词汇短语、短句及对话近2000个单词以及相关的短语、短句和真实对话；600余幅插图。

亚马逊链接:https://www.amazon.cn/%e5%89%91%e6%a1%a5%e5%9b%bd%e9%99%85%e8%8b%b1%e8%af%ad%e8%af%ad%e9%9f%b3%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8-ann-baker/dp/b002i7tepk/ref=sr_1_1?ie=utf8&qid=1510384693&sr=8-1&keywords=tree+or+three

音标的发音及口型还可以重点参考:bbc出品的英式发音教程
b站视频连接:http://www.bilibili.com/video/av3102611/

弱读连读重音:

这里首推《elements of pronunciation》:

来自剑桥大学语言教学中心（cambridge language centre)的官方推荐，我拜读后对英语发音的理解和掌握有了质的提升。

剑桥大学出版社（cambridge press）曾出版过一书elements of pronunciation 发音的要素，着重解决 weak form–弱读，cluster–例如辅音音节连续出现在一个单词中，link-up–连读，contraction–缩略， stress time –一句话里面各重点单词所花时间是一样的，这些方面的发音问题。

以下是我从elements of pronunciation一书中整理出的三个连音规律:
1，连接词末的辅音与后一词词头的元音
例如:read it 变为 rea-dit
put-it-off 变为 pu-ti-toff
2 , 以辅音字母r结尾的单词跟着一个以元音开头的单词时，r的发音往往是保留的
例如: after all 变为 afte-rall

3 , 连接词末的元音与后一词词头的元音
例如:do it 变为 do-it 其中o-i发/w

日常习惯口语表达:

因为日常口语中有很多书面语中不使用的用法和单词，可以针对性地进行整理学习。

主要分为两类:英剧美剧出现的高频口语表达，生活类的英语单词

比如:

thousand times no! 绝对办不到！
easy does it. 慢慢来。
dont push me. 别逼我。
have a good of it。玩的很高兴。
what is the fuss？ 吵什么？
still up？ 还没睡呀？
it doesnt make any differences. 没关系。
dont let me down. 别让我失望。
god works. 上帝的安排。
dont take ill of me. 别生我气
does it serve your purpose？ 对你有用吗？
dont flatter me. 过奖了。
big mouth! 多嘴驴！
sure thing! 当然！
dont over do it. 别太过分了。
can you dig it？ 你搞明白了吗？
you want a bet？ 你想打赌吗？
what if i go for you？ 我替你去怎么样?
who wants？ 谁稀罕？
follow my nose. 凭直觉做某事

这类表达还有很多，可以让你的口语比较接地气和省力。推荐《生活全景英语口语8000句》。

1.2. 练习方法

练习日常口语对话最好的方法当然是在全英文的语言环境下每天使用，可惜的是绝大多数小伙伴缺乏这样的语言环境。找欧美外教一对一学习下来价格也比较昂贵，找免费的国外语伴又不是长久之计，毕竟人家不是活雷锋，不可能长期地免费陪你练。

1.2.1 不管三七二十一，先背100篇口语对话

俗话说，熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟。对于口语薄弱的早期，直接先背下100篇口语对话是最直接也是最有效的方法。这100篇的对话将成为你的口语底子。关于背诵的素材，其实有很多。这里推荐比较经典的新概念英语，第一册以对话为主，明快上口，背下第一册就够了。特别喜欢英音的学弟学妹可以找85版本的mp3，标准的bbc发音。

1.2.2 语伴主题练习

在缺少资源找老师一对一纠正的情况下，这是比较经济，高效，实在的方式。

关于语伴练习可以直接用雅思的话题来练。

找一个口语小伙伴每天练习一套雅思口语真题，角色扮演，role play，一个当考官一个当考生，互相计时并指出错误，在实战中不断融会贯通。

找语伴的注意点:

1. 语言能力相近，目标分数一致，能够互相促进。7分和5分的小伙伴一起练习就会显得不对称，无法双赢，更像7分的烤鸭单方面纠正5分烤鸭。

2. 态度积极，能够坚持。其实最难的是坚持，两个人作伴，互相打气，互相监督能够带来更多动力。找到你的战友！

3. 最好是线下练习。线下面对面一起练习和线上语音的差别还是比较大的，有更强的仪式感。当然，条件限制下，线上也可以。

我当时是和几个同学组了一个烤鸭小分队，暑假大家决定都不回家留在学校里备考。大家目标都是7.5分，约定8月连续一个月抱团练习，缺席就罚款请吃饭。

学校图书馆在暑假人不多，我们就每天下午2点到5点固定在一个角落一起刷真题，练口语。严格按照流程执行下来，同时录音，帮助很大。通过录音、回放，给自己当考官，可以更细致地分析自己说的内容，是否有基础的语法错误，句型是否足够丰富，是否有过多停顿，不断进行自我反思以及提升。

很多时候，当时我们心里想的和口语表达出来的完全不是一回事。只有记录下来，才能针对性地发现自己的问题，进行纠正。

这样一个月的练习很有效，没有人缺席一次，最后大家都考出了7分以上的成绩。

1.2.3 英剧美剧模仿

市面上说的比较多的是跟着英剧美剧学，个人不是特别推崇，刷剧就好好刷剧，不必一心两用。

你可能连续一周吭哧吭哧看着字幕版，把《权力的游戏》和《纸牌屋》全部刷完了，看完后你发现自己的英语能力并没有想象的突飞猛进，光顾着剧情去了。

所以刷英剧美剧并不是灵丹妙药，无痛提高英语能力。确实很多前辈们通过这种方式提高了听力和口语，但很多时候我们只关注了“听和说”，而没关注“怎么做”。

“主动听”意味着在这个时间段内，只做“听”这一件事情，集中听，反复听，多维度听。因为高强度的要求，练习听力的时间往往是听力材料长度的5-8倍（练习材料最好带原文）。比如听一段5分钟的美剧对话，听的时间为30分钟。

主要有以下五大步骤:

英语美剧语速都比较快，偏口语化，刚听起来有一定难度是正常的，听不懂不必感到气馁。

第一步，我们先不看字幕，认真听一遍，主要理解意思，能听多少听多少。

第二步，我们再听一遍，这一遍，我们要留意第一遍中没有听懂的部分。

第三步，我们朗读字幕，感觉声音，特别关注前两遍中没有听懂的部分。

第四步，我们看着字幕原文再听一遍。在这一遍中，我们已经能100%听懂。这还没完。

最后一步，我们不看原文字幕，再听一遍，这一遍中，我们要特别关注表达的语气和语境并进行模仿。

大家可以看到，这样五步下来，我们至少听了四遍，对整体的内容有了一个深度的了解。这种方法不光光适应于看英剧美剧，也适用于平时的练习。

讨论 (discussion)

2.1 资料推荐

口语可以关注一些英文的辩论，讨论技巧。这里首推英国的议会辩论，看英国绅士们如何唇枪舌战，就各项政治议题，骂人不带脏字。喜欢美音的学弟学妹可以看美国abc深夜脱口秀节目 《吉米鸡毛秀》。

同时你需要了解掌握和讨论的一些语言:

expressing your ideas. 表达想法
i think/believe/feel… here are my two cents… in my opinion… what i’d like to say is…
here’s what i think… personally, i think/feel… i’d like to say/add/mention…
i truly agree that… i must claim that… as far as i am concerned…it seems to me…
asking for clarification. 寻求解释
sorry, could you repeat that, please?
excuse me, could you say that again/tell us more about that?
sorry, i didn’t catch that. could you repeat it, please?
could you please say that a little more slowly/loudly?
could you explain/describe that? what does…mean?
what do you mean by…? could you go over… again, please?
i don’t get what you mean by… can you give me an example of that, please?
asking for opinions. 询问观点
what do you think about…? alex, how do you feel about…?
i’d like to hear what alex has to say, please? does anyone have an opinion on this?
in your experience, ……? what’s your take on this?
responding and asking follow-up questions.回应问题
i see. that’s nice. oh, yeah? uh-huh. you’re kidding! really? no way! wow!
you mentioned…so what/where/who/how/when/why?
agreeing and disagreeing. 同意及反对
yes, that’s true. that’s a good point. i agree with… i agree, and… i see your point…
she/he is right, … i think you’re right that…
i see your point, but… i see what you mean, but i think… that’s a good point, but it seems to me that… i’m sorry, but i have to disagree with you on that…
yes, but i see it a different way… okay, but what about? but don’t you think…?
compromising and reaching a consensus. 达成一致
what’s one idea we can all agree on? what do all our ideas have in common?
so, can we all agree on…? can you live with this? so, it sounds like we’ve decided…
expanding on your own ideas. 展开观点
what i meant before was… i’d like to go back to what i was saying earlieer…
let me add something to what i said before… what i was trying to say was…
about my earlier point, … about what i said earlier, …
i’d like to take my earlier point a step further…
discussion back on topic and keeping a discussion focused. 回到话题
i think maybe we’re getting off the topic/subject. i think we are getting off track.
can we go back to…? maybe we should get back to the question. let’s get back to…
maybe we could talk about that later, but for now i think we should…
that’s a good point, but… let’s remember our purpose here… let’s stay focused.
pausing and buying time. 停顿及争取时间
well, … hmmm… ummm… let’s see… okay… so, … yes, yes…
that’s a good question. that’s an interesting point. let me think about that for a moment.
i’m not sure what to think.
citing sources. 引用
[source] states/says/suggests/argues/believes that…
in [title], [source] states/says/suggests/argues/believes that…
according to [source],… to paraphrase [source],…
[s] says, and i quote, “…” [s] said, quote, “…”
in the words of [s], “…” this is what [s] calls “…”

最后再推荐《academic vocabulary in use》，介绍各种词汇在正式场景上的用法。

2.2 练习方法:

同上语伴练习法，用雅思话题的part3部分即可。

演讲 （presentation)

在高阶，你也应该了解如何做专业的演讲（presentation）

这里首推英语教育学大师douglas bell的《passport for academic presentation》。书中介绍了各类常见的演讲表达方式及技巧。

ted是非常经典的演讲方式，追求以20分钟左右的演讲时间传递一个想法。这本书很好地分析了ted演讲的一些技巧以及案例，生动形象，结合书中的案例观看，非常易读。

那么，如何把普通的演讲 presentation讲到像ted那么好？
它是由著名的注明ted演讲教练 camine gallo，针对上百场的ted演讲进行科学化分析，整理出ted演讲表达的奥秘。

大家可以先观看以下这个文中提到的范例ted演讲 “每个孩子都是冠军” ，感受一下一个优秀的ted如何在短时间内充分表达一个idea。

“talk like ted书中主要分享了像ted一样表达的三个方面的奥秘:有效表达，调动情绪，扩大影响。

有效表达passion.
在表达的过程中最重要的一点就是充满激情。你要了解你所选择题目。题目需要新颖，并且是你感兴趣的方面。

1.1 sync your mind with your audiences.
其次在讲述的时候要把自己的思想同步给观众。这就是所谓的共鸣。
那在哪些方面可以产生共鸣呢？
1讲述自己的故事
2讲述他人的故事
3讲述名人或者观众所熟悉的故事

1.2 在充满激情的前提条件下， 观众要听的、要看的就是你语言的表达能力 –natural and genuine body language and verbal delivery.
语言要自然流畅，诚恳真实，准确到位、切入要点。(how？ 整个回答中的tips都可以参考)
你所运用的body language和你的语音语调要协同一致。在重点处应该提高音调进行强调。
1.3 在做presentation的时候要充满自信，想象以一种领导的风度来展示你的观点。包括在台上的表达走步和仪态。
一定要自信。如果连自己都没有百分百相信自己的话，你在演讲过程中所表现出来的行为和态度都会显得非常的尴尬和不自然。

1.4 关于每本演讲技巧书都会提的 body language:
在演讲过程必要的加分项就是body language。
但是手势或者其他动作需要有克制的表现，并且不能全场出现。
在使用过程中，有以下几点需要注意:

use gestures sparingly and move with purpose.
避免无意识地摇摆，轻踏地板。需要找重点关键部分使用手势，才能起到引导作用。

remember to keep those gestures within the power sphere.
手势需在“能量领域”内使用。“能量领域”–想象有一股能量从你的眼睛流动至你伸展的双臂，双手，再至你的肚脐处，最后又返回到你的双眼。此处需注意的是， 你的能量领域，也就是body language的范围在肚脐的上方。需要避免手插在裤袋中。

fake it till make it.
借body language给自己一些暗示，假装自己很淡定，用行动反过来影响心理状态，可以帮助克服紧张情绪。

如果出现不安或者需要短暂的思考时间，可以以走步移动的方式来吸引注意，并且在过程中快速的思考接下来的内容。

练习方法:

对于演技，排练和预演总是最重要的。

rehearse, rehearse and rehearse.
无论是技巧还是内容都要通过练习和对话才能使它吸收，使它内在化（internalize your content）

have a conversation.
当你真正熟悉这些内容的时候你会发现做presentation会非常的放松就像在跟老朋友对话一样。

before you are on, some physical preparations will boost your energy level. （from tony robbins）pre-speaking ritual.

培养演讲前的仪式感。
“仪式”可以是深呼吸5次或是喝一杯水，也可以是咒语(incantations), 自我肯定的话(affirmation)及一些动作(movements)。这些都可以帮助形成仪式感，在演讲前唤醒自己，及时调整状态。

进行模拟presentation。
邀请朋友或者同事做观众，询问他们的对你的presentation的真实评价feedback。用video camera 记录下自己的每一次练习。

使用演讲技巧。
比如通过控制语速的快慢（一般建议190words pre minutes/ 3400 words in 18 minutes）、音量大小与语调高低，转折停顿和语言表达的幽默度等等来提高presentation的吸引力。演讲技巧对于演讲这来说就是一张名片。要形成自己独特的演讲风格才能让观众记忆深刻。

1. stick to the 18-minute rule.
对于ted来说，18分钟是一个最理想的长度。所以每次的练习最好保持在18分钟。
2. the rules of three:
人类大脑在短期内只能消化理解、记住3个信息点。每个话题用小标题来表明。每个标题下面最好有三个支持的信息点。用小故事、数据或者例子来深入解释这些小标题。故事和例子有易读易记易领会的特点,观众更容易接受它们。
3. 创造多重体验。
思维导图能帮助演讲者和观众更清晰更有逻辑的理解所要表达的内容。
在合适的时候使用图片讲解的效果好于纯文字文本。即使使用文字每张幻灯片也要少于四十个单词。

最后的寄语:
语言作为人类特有的能力，其本质是表达，交流，和文化。这也是为什么我特别推荐语伴练习这个方式，最接近实际的使用场景。而不是对着软件和app，你可以自己配音配着感觉说的字正腔圆，到了实际应用早就丢光了。

语言学习特别是口语重在坚持，也要有科学的愿景，方法论，体系和学习材料。

我不敢说本文推荐的内容都是最科学的，语言学习因人而异，但本文至少是我多年口语坚持学习下来的经验总结，推荐的方法和每一份学习材料都有亲身使用。如果对同样是苦于口语，不知从何下手，迷茫甚至灰心的的学弟学妹们有一些小小启发，那也是我花两周写出万字攻略的价值所在。

学会一门新语言，打开一门新世界。语言学习之路，你不是一个人。

最后的最后，码字不易，码干货更不易，点赞是最好的支持。
10000 字+最全雅思回答来了！相信值得你的一读。
ps:收到不少学弟学妹私信问我当时学习英语日语西语的几百页学习笔记，已经放在评论区供大家参考了，加油！
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