全球英文演讲大赛亚军中国选手SherrieS…来自学点英语口语…
??新人教版｜八年级下册英语所有知识点大汇总！
unit1 what’ s the matter?
1. it’s +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.?做某事对某人来说是…的。
it’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要。
it’s important for me to eat a balanced diet.?平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.
it’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。
it’s easy for us to find out the answer.?找出答案对我们来说是容易的。
2. 情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为”应该……”。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg.?—i have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厉害。
—you should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下，多喝水。
3. maybe与may?be
（1）maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
he maybe is from the usa, too. 他可能也来自美国。
（2）may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是……”。如：
he may be from the usa, too. 他可能也来自美国。
she may be our english teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。
4.?few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系： ?
（1）few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示肯定意义， 有几个。 例如：
he has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 ?
there are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 ?
（2）little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；?a little 表示肯定意义，有一点儿。 例如：
there is little ink in my bottle. can you give me a little ink??我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？
5. not…until? 直到…(否定句) 才……，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词。
she didn’t leave until we came.
he went shopping after he got up.?
=he didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.?
…until/till?? 直到……（肯定句）动词为延续性动词
we stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
unit2 i’ll help clean the city parks.
1. 短语动词小结
常见动词短语结构有下面几种：
（1）动词+副词 如：give up 放弃；turn off 关掉；stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动
词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放
在短语动词后。
（2）动词+介词 如：listen of 听；look at 看；belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
（3）动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出；?run out of 用完，耗尽
（4）动词+名词+介词 如：take part in参加；catch hold of 抓住
2. each 每个，各自的，强调事物的个别情况，常与of 连用
every 每个，每一个的，一切的，有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
3. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with english
help do ?帮助做某事 ?help study
4. spend…doing… 花费…做…
i spent a day visiting beijing.?我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. ?花费…在…?i spent 3 years on english.
5. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) ?如：join the party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) ?如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
6. run out 与 run out of
（1）run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。
his money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
（2）run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。
he is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如：the petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= we are running out of petrol.
our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= we are running out of time.
7. work out ?
（1）结局，结果为
?the strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
（2）算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）
??he never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
??he worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
??i have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
8. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
?i like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
9. be able to do 能，会 ???
be unable to do 不能，不会
10. for sure ?确实如此，毫无疑问
you don’t have money. that’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。
11. fill… with… 使…充满… ?用…填充…
she filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
12. hand out ?分发 ?hand out bananas
give out 分发 ?give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃… ?give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 ?give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 ?give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
13. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)
i can’t work out this math problem. please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。
14. train n. 火车 ?v. 训练
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
she trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
15. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如：
do it at once. 马上去做。
i’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
16. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) ?????
some day 有一天(指将来) 如：
one day i went to beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
some day i’ll go to beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
unit3 could you please clean your room?
1. 关于 to 的短语总结
have to do sth.?不得不/必须做某事
need to do sth.?需要做某事??
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事??
want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 热爱做某事??
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
start to do sth. 开始做某事??
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事
2. —could you please clean your room?
—yes, sure. / sorry, i can’t. i have to do my homework first.
—could i please use the car?
—sure. / certainly. / of course.?/?no, you can’t. i have to go out.
在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：
could / can / may i use your car for a day?
作允答可以各种各样：
如同意可以说 yes，或 sure 或 certainly，还可说 yes, (do) please.或 of course. (you may / can). 或 that’s ok / all right.
如果不同意，可以说 i’m sorry you can’t. 或 i’m really sorry, but i have to use it today. 要避免说 no, you can’t. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
unit4 why don’t you talk to your parents?
1. get ?
( 1 ) 买
get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. ?为某人买某物
can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
= can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到，到达
where did you get the ?book?
when ?did ?you get the letter?
he got home late last night.
（3）使，让，get + 宾语 + 宾补 ???使某人/某物怎么样
please get you coat clean.??????
get your mouth closed.
get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
i got him to call jim yesterday.
（4）( 逐渐) 变得……
the weather gets warmer and days get longer .
why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about/?what about ?后跟名词/代词/动词ing形式。
（1）向对方提出建议或请求
?how about going out for a walk?
how about something to eat?
（2）向对方征求意见或看法
?how about the tv play ? ???
how about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况
?how about the weather in hainan island ?
?how about your parents??are they living with you ?
( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文
?i’m forty years old. how about you?
?i’m from beijing. how about you?
3. receive 收到 ??
the girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
?receive a letter from = get a letter from = ?heard from收到某人的信
i ?received a letter from my parents last sunday .
= i got a letter from my parents last sunday .
= i heard from my parents last sunday .
accept ?接受 ?
he couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts.
she was very glad to receive the invitation.
i received an invitation to the party , but i refused to accept it . ??
4. a 6-year-old child 一个六岁的孩子
6-year-old 是由“数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词，作前置定语，修饰后面的名词child。
“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：
a ?five-year-old girl ?一个五岁的女孩 ??????
a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子
a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房 ???
a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典
5. too…to… 太……而不能 ……
too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式，句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb。
he is too young to join the army ( 军队) . 他年纪太小，不能去参军。
the math problem is too difficult for me to work ?out . 这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。
too…to…可以与enough to和so…that…转换.
she is too young to do the work .
= she isn’t old enough to do the work .
tom is too tired to walk any farther .
= tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. pay , ??spend , ??cost , ??take ?的区别
（1）pay ?花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人。?sb. pay some money for sth.
i paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上个星期花了5000买电脑。
（2）spend ?花费 ( 多少钱或时间 )，主语是人。
sb. spend some money on sth.
sb. spend some time ( in ) doing ?sth.
i spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
?she spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2个小时做作业。
（3）cost ?花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物。???
sth. cost sb. some money.
this jacket cost him 200 dollars. 这件夹克衫花费她200美元。
（4）take 花费 (时间 )，主语形式主语为it. ?
it takes sb. some time to do sth.
花费某人多少时间做某事
how long does it take sb. to do sth??花费某人多少时间做某事?
it took liu hong 2 hours to do her homework. 刘红花了2个小时做作业。
7. sleep , ?sleeping, ?sleepy , ??asleep , ?fall asleep , ??be asleep
（1）sleep ?动词, ?睡觉, 强调动作。
i am very tired. i want to sleep. 我很累，想睡觉。
（2）sleeping,?sleep 的现在分词, 表示“ 正在睡觉”。
don’t make so much noise. the baby is sleeping. 不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。
（3）sleepy ?想睡觉的, 困倦的。
?i am a little sleepy. i’d like to go to bed. 我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。
（4）asleep 睡着了的。
the teacher found tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school.?老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。
（5）fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, ?不能接一段时间。
i couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . ?我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。
（6）be ?asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间。
he was asleep for three hours. 他睡了3个小时。
8. open ?
( 1 ) 动词, ?打开 , 开业, ?开张, ?展现
would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗户打开吗？
( 2 ) 形容词, ?be open 开着的, 开放的
on weekends the swimming pool is open to the public. 在周末，这个游泳池是对公众开放的。
9. close ?动词, ?关闭, 关上 , 合上
closed ?形容词, ?be closed ?关着的, ?关闭的
10. encourage ?动词, ?鼓励, 激励 ?
encourage sb. to do ?sth. 鼓励某人做某事
parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.
家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。
11. ?progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展” ??
make progress “取得进步, 取得进展”
tom is now making great progress at school. 汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。
12. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
否定表达是 ?take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣
do you take an interest in english ? 你对英语感兴趣吗？
most children take an interest in playing computer games. 大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。
13. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
would you like to make friends with us? 你想和我们交朋友吗？
unit5 what were you doing when the rainstorm came?
1. arrive?at 到达(小地方) ??
arrive in到达(大地方)
reach 到达 ??????????????
get to 到达
?i arrived in beijing last night. = ?i reached beijing last night .
= i got to beijing last night .
如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at/in/to省略。
arrive here/there/home
get here/there/home
2. in front of… ?在 … 的前面 (某一范围外的前面)
in the front of … 在 … 的前面(某一范围内的前面)
there are some big trees in front of the classroom building. 在教室的前面有一些大树。
i like sitting in the front of the taxi. 我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。
3. take off ?????
（1）起飞 ?
when did the plane take off yesterday? 飞机什么时候起飞？
（2）脱下(衣帽等) ?
he took off his coat as soon as he went into the room. 他一进房间就脱掉了外套。
（3）取消
they will take off the 5 am train . 他们取消了早上5点的火车。
4. get out ?(of ) … ??从……离开/出去/下来
a car stopped and a girl got out of it.
但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来, 用get off…
5. follow
（1）跟随 ?i followed him up he hill. ?我跟着他上了山.
（2）沿着……前进 follow this road until you get to the post office. 顺着这条路一直到邮局.
（3）听懂，理解 could you speak more slowly? i can’t follow you. 你能说慢点吗？我听不懂。
（4）follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事
please follow me to read the story. 请跟我读这个故事。
6. shout at ?大声喊叫，多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊
don’t shout at the little boy. he is too young. 不要对他大叫，他还太小。
shout to 大声喊叫，多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊
we should shout to him , or he can’t hear us. 我们应该朝他叫喊，否则他听不到我们的声音。
7. happen 发生，具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生 ?
（1）happen to do sth. ?碰巧做某事
i happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。
（2）sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事
an car accident happened to him last month. 上个月他发生了交通事故.
take place 发生 ?
（1）按计划进行或按计划发生
great changes have taken place in china in recent years. 最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.
（2）(运动/ 活动/会议等) 举行
the meeting will take place next friday. 运动会将于下星期五举行。
take the place of 代替, 取代
plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有时能代替木材和金属.
take one’s place ?坐某人的位置, 代替某人的职务
come to take my place. my seat is near the window . 来做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗户。
8. anywhere 任何地方，常用于否定句或疑问句中.
did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天还去了别的地方了吗？ ??
somewhere?某个地方，用于肯定句。
come and see me. then we’ll go out somewhere. 来我家找我，然后我们出去逛逛。
everywhere 处处, 到处 =?here and there
i can’t find my pen though i looked for it everywhere. 尽管我到处都找过了，还是找不到我的钢笔。
11. silence 名词, ?寂静/无声 ??
there’s nothing but silence in the room. 屋内寂静无声。
keep in silence. 保持沉默.
silent 形容词, ?沉默的, 寂静的
the old house was quite silent. ?这所老房子寂静无声。
the cat moved on silent feet. 那只猫无声地走动着。
12. hear 听到 ???
can you hear someone knocking at the door? 你听到有人敲门了吗？
（1）hear of ?听说 , 后接表示人或物的词
i have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。
( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词
i’ve just heard about his illness. 我刚刚听说他生病的事。
have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗?
（3）hear from ?收到某人的来信
i heard from my daughter in new york yesterday. 我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。
13. 主语 + be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + ?in / of 短语。
…… 是……中最……的……之一.
this was one of the most important events in modern american history.?这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。
xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in china. 厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。
13. experience
（1）名词经验, ?不可数名词 ; ?经历, 体验, ?可数名词
have you had any experience of fishing? 你有钓鱼的经验吗?
could you tell us about your experiences in africa? 你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?
（2）动词 ?经历, 感觉
the children experienced many difficulties this time. 这次孩子们经历了许多困难.
experienced 形容词 ?有经验的
be experienced in/at doing ?sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有经验.
she is an experienced teacher. 他是一个经验丰富的教师。
he is very experienced in/at repairing?cars. 他修车很有经验。
14. as … as … ??和…… 一样… ?两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。
he works as carefully as she. 他和她一样工作认真。
she is as tall as her mother. 她和母亲一样高。
not as… as…?不如某人/某物…
he isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老。
she doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。
15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself ?玩得开心，过得愉快
did you have fun at the party? ?昨天在派对上玩的开心吗？
= did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?
?= did you enjoy yourself ?
have fun doing sth. 开心做某事??
i’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。
16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇 ?
he was killed in an accident. 他死于一起意外事故.
traffic accident 交通事故 ?
many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于交通事故。
by accident ?偶然, 意外地 ?
we met at the airport by accident . 我们偶然在机场遇见。
18. think about ?考虑 (某个计划 ) ?
they are thinking about moving to beijing. 他们考虑搬去北京。
think of ?认为 ?what do you think of the movie?= ?how do you like the movie??你认为这部电影怎么样?
think over 仔细思考 ?
we need a few days to think over this matter. 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。
19. 感叹句
what 引导的感叹句
（1）what a beautiful girl (she?is )! 多么美的姑娘呀 !
（2）what a clever boy ( he is )! 多么聪明的男孩呀 !
（3）what interesting pictures ( they are )! 多么美的图片呀 !
（4）what tall buildings ( they are )! 多么高的楼呀 !
（5）what delicious food ( it is ) ! ?多么可口的食物呀 !
（6）what bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么坏的天气呀 !
规律：what ?+ ( a/an ) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语) + !
名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, ?形容词前面不能有a/an。
how 引导的感叹句
（7）how heavy the box is! 多么重的箱子呀!
how fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!
（8）how careful the girl is! 多么细心的姑娘呀!
how well she plays the piano! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀!
20.?过去进行时
过去进行时的用法
（1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
what were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上8点半你正在做什么？
when i called him, he was having dinner. 当我打电话给他时，他正在吃饭。
（2）过去某段时间正在进行的动作。
what were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 你昨天7点到9点在做什么？
i was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整个早上都在看书。
过去进行时的构成
（1）肯定句：主语 + was / were ?+动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
（2）否定句：主语 + was / were + ?not ?+ 动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
（3）疑问句：was / were + 主语 + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语 ？
?肯定回答：yes , 主语 + was / were . ???????
否定回答：no, 主语 + was / were + ?not .
unit6?an?old?man?tried?to?move?the?mountains.
1.?what?do?you?think?about/of…??
so?what?do?you?think?about?the?story?of?yu?gong?=how?do?you?like?the?story?of?yu?gong??你觉得愚公的故事如何？
2.?it?doesn’t?seem?adj.?to?do?sth…
it?doesn’t seem?very?possible?to?move?a?mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3.?this?is?because…?
this?is?because?he?can?make?72?changes?to?his?shape?and?size,?turning?himself?into?different?animals?and?objects.?这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4.?…?so…?that+从句?
sometimes?he?can?make?the?stick?so?small?that?he?can?keep?it?in?his?ear.?有时候他使金箍棒变得如此小以至于他可以把它放在耳朵里。
5.?it?takes?sb.?some?time?to?do?sth…
because?they?were?so?big?that?it?took?a?long?time?to?walk?to?the?other?side.?因为它们如此之大以至于走到另一边花费了很长时间。
6.?…not…until十从句 ?直到……才……
don’t?eat?it?until?you?get?to?the?forest.?你们到达森林之后才能吃。
7.?shoot?v.射，射击，过去式shot?
hou?yi?shoots?the?sun. 后羿射日。??
shoot?at?sth.?瞄准/朝……射击?
8.?as?soon?as…“一……就……，刚……就……”
?i?will?tell?him?the?news?as?soon?as?he?comes?back.?他一回来我就把消息告诉他。????
he?took?out?his?english?book?as?soon?as?he?sat?down.?他一坐下就把英语书拿出来了。
9.?a?god?was?so?moved?by?yu?gong?that?he?send?two?gods?to?take?the?mountains?away.?
(1)?move??v. 打动；使感动???
be?moved?(by?sth./sb.)?（被某人/事）感动?
i?was?moves?by?your?kindness.?我被你的善良打动了。
(2)take?(…)?away（把……）带走，拿走??
someone?took?my?iphone?away?while?i?was?waiting?in?the?station.?当我在车站等车的时候，有人拿走了我的iphone。
take?out?带出去，拿出去?
take?turns?(to?do…)??轮流做某事????????
10.?remind??v.“提醒，使想起”，及物动词?
(1)?remind?sb.?of?sth. 让我们想起某事
the?old?photo?reminds?me?of?my?childhood. 这张老照片让我想起了我的童年。
(2)?remind?sb.?to?do?sth. 提醒某人做某事：
my?parents?often?remind?me?to?study?hard.?我的父母总是提醒我要努力学习。
11.?i?think?it’s?a?little?bit?silly.?我认为那有点儿傻。
a?little?bit?意为“有点儿”，后加形容词，相当于a?little，a?bit
this?is?a?little?bit?difficult?for?me.? 这对我来说有点难。
12. turn…into…?“把……变成……”?
please?turn?this?into?english.?请把这个译成英语。???
joan?is?turning?into?a?skilled?musician.?琼正在变成一个技艺精湛的音乐家。??
13.?at?other?times?“平时，有时，在其他时候”?
at?other?times?he?doesn’t?have?to?get?up?at?all.?平时他根本不必起来。???
sometimes?we?went?to?the?beach?and?at?other?times?we?went?to?climb?the?mountains.?我们有时候去海滩，有时去爬山。
14.?come?out????
(1) 出版?
that?magazine?comes?out?every?monday.?那本杂志每周一出版。?
(2) 出来，出现，开花?
the?stars?come?out?as?soon?as?it?was?dark.?天一黑星星就出来了。
(2) 传出，真相大白
the?truth?has?come?out?at?last.?最后真相大白了。?
15.?become?interested?in，对……感兴趣?=?be?interested?in，后接名词，代词，动名词???
i?became?interested?in?piano.?我对钢琴感兴趣。
16. whole adj. 全部的，整体的
whole后通常跟可数名词，前加the/this/?my等形容词性物主代词修饰
the?old?man?told?us?the?whole?story.?老人给我们讲了整个故事。
all也指”所有的”，修饰可数或不可数名词，放在the/?this/?my等词前。?
17.?be?made?of… ?由……制成，看得出原材料；
be?made?from… ?由……制成，看不出原材料。
unit7?what’s?the?highest?mountain?in?the?world?
1.?it?is?adj.?+?(for?sb.?)?to?do?sth.?
it?is?very?hard?to?take?in?air?as?you?get?near?the?top.?当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。?
2.?…?is?because …??
one?of?the?main?reasons?is?because?people?want?to?challenge?themselves?in?the?face?of?difficulties.?其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。?
3. …show(s) (sb)?that…???
the?spirit?of?these?climbers?shows?us?that?we?should?never?give?up?trying?to?achieve?our?dreams.?这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应?该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. 表达事物的长，宽，高，深……???
sth.?/sb.?+be+数量+单位+形容词long,?wide,?tall,?deep。??
the?river?is?2?meters?deep.??
qomolangma?is?8,844.43?meters?high.?
long—length?(n.?长度)??
wide—width?(n. 宽度)?
deep—depth(n. 深度)??
high—-height(n.高度)???
the?length/depth/?width/height/size?of?sth.?… ?的长度，深度，宽度，高度，面积?
5. 问事物的高，深，宽，长…???
how?high/deep/tall/wide/long/is…???
how?high?is?qomolangma??珠穆朗玛峰有多高？
6. the?first?chinese?team?did?so?in1960,?while?the?first?woman?to?succeed?was?junko?tabei.?
1)?while,?此处是“而，然而，”轻微对比。不是“当…时候”,?用在句中，前面有逗号。
2) 
succeed.?v.?成功?
succeed?in?doing?sth.?
he?succeeded?in?finishing?the?work.?他成功的完成了工作。
success?n.“成功”不可数
confidence?is?the?key?to?success.?自信是成功的关键。?
success?n.?“成功的人，物”，可数?
he?is?a?great?success. 他是一个很成功的人。
successful?adj.?成功的，?successfully adj.?成功地
7.?adult?pandas?spend?more?than12?hours?a?day?eating?10?kilos?of?bamboo.?
bamboo?做“竹子做的食物”或“竹子制品”不可数，bamboo?chair；但做植物讲时可数。
1)?sb.?spend?+?time/money?+?on?sth./in?doing?sth.???
2)?sb.?pay?+money?+for?sth.?某人为某物支付多少钱?
3)?it?takes?sb?+?time+?to?do?sth.?花费某人多长时间做某事?
4)?sth?+?cost?+money??某物值多少钱。?
8.?canada?is?a?lot?less?crowded?than?china.?加拿大不及中国拥挤很多。?
less+adj+than?不及……
joseph?is?less?honest?than?his?brother.?约瑟夫不像他兄弟那样诚实。??
less?than?（中间不加任何词）“少于”?there?are?less?than?30?girls?in?my?class.?我们班不足30个女生。?
more?than?（中间不加任何词）“超过，多于，相当于over”
there?are?more?than?30?girls?in?my?class.?我们班有超过30个女生。
unit8?have?you?read?treasure?island？
????
1.?have?you?read?little?woman?yet??你读过《小妇人》这本书吗？??
现在完成时的基本句型：??
肯定式：主语?+?助动词have/has?+?动词的过去分词。?
?疑问式：助动词have/has?+?主语?+?动词的过去分词???
?否定式:??主语?+?助动词have/has?+?not?+?动词的过去分词。?
现在完成时的主要用法
1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和副词already,?yet,?never,?ever?,before?,just等连用。.??
i?have??finished?my?homework.?i?am?free.?(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)?
2）表示过去已经开始,?持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since?+?过去的时间点，??for?+?一段时间，so?far?等时间状语连用。???
?i?have?learnt?english?for?more?than?ten?years.?我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)?????
she?has?swum?since?half?an?hour?before. 我已经游泳了半个小时。(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
already/yet的区别：??
already?往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet?用于否定句和疑问句。
he?has?already?left?here.?他已经离开这里了。
my?parents?haven’t?had?breakfast?yet.??我的父母还没吃早餐。
2. what’s?it?like??它怎么样？??
某物怎么样？?what’s?+物+like??????????
how+be?+?物？??某人怎么样？
what’s?+人+like??用来提问人的性格??
what?do?/?does?+人?+?look?like?用来提问人的外表
3.?oliver?twist?is?about?a?boy?who?went?out?to?sea?and?found?an?island?full?of?treasures.??
《雾都孤儿》讲的是一个小男孩出海并发现了一个满是珠宝的小岛的故事。
full?of?充满???
be?full?of?=?be?filled?with?充满?
the?cup?is?full?of?water?=the?cup?is?filled?with?water.?????????????
be?full?for?对…很忙? this?week?is?full?for?me.?
4.?it’s?about?four?sisters?growing?up. 它讲述的是四个姐妹的成长故事。??
grow?up?长大；成长????
i?grew?up?in?beijing.?我在北京长大。
grow?into?长大成为?????
mary?grew?into?a?beautiful?girl.?玛丽长成了一个漂亮的女孩。
5.?you?should?hurry?up.?你得快点。?
hurry?up?赶快；急忙（做某事）(用在口语中，用来催促别人快走）?
in?a?hurry=in?one’s?hurry 匆忙地??
hurry?to?do?sth?匆忙去做??
hurry?sb.?催促某人
6.?one?of?them?died?but?the?other?ran?towards?my?house.??他们中的一个人死了，另一个朝我的房子这边跑过来了。?
the?other?另一个?,?one?…the?other一个….另一个(仅用两者间)?
other??泛指其他的人、物?作形容词或代词，其后接名词的复数形式??
others?泛指另外几个，其余的?是other的复数形式，在句中作主语、宾语??
the?others??其他东西；其余的人们，特指某一范围的“其他的人或物”
another?其他的；再一个；另一个，只能用于三个或更多的人或物?
7.?think?of?/?think?about?/?think?over辨析?
（1）think?of,?固定短语，表示“提到（某人、某物、某事或某主意等），考虑，思考，对……有某种看法”，后接名词，代词、动词-ing形式。
—?what?do?you?think?of?your?chinese?teacher?????????????
—?i?like?her?very?much.??
（2）think?of?表示“思考，考虑，对……有某种看法”时，可以与think?about?互换。??
what?do?you?think?of?the?movie??=?what?do?you?think?about?the?movie??
（3）think?of?表示“想出，想着，想起”时，不可用think?about?代替。??????????
i?always?think?of?my?childhood.?我总是想起我的童年。
（4）think?over意为“仔细考虑，认真考虑”，强调思考的程度比think?of/about深，相当于think?about…carefully。?其中over是副词，宾语若是名词，则可位于over之前或之后；当宾语是代词时，则必须放在over之前。??
think?it?over?before?you?do?it.?三思而后行。
unit9?have?you?ever?been?to?an?amusement?park?
1. —have?you?ever?been?to…??—你曾经去过游乐园吗？?
—yes，i?have.?/?no，i?haven’t.?—是的，去过。/不，没去过。??
i/he/she?have?/?has?never?been?to…?我/他/她从没去过……
i/he/she?have?/?has??been?to… many times. 我/他/她去过……很多次。
i’d like to go there again. 我还想再去一次。
2.?—?have?you?ever?been?to?an?amusement?park??—你曾经去过游乐园吗？
—?yes，i?have.?/?no，i?haven’t.??—是的，去过。/不，没去过。?点拨1?
have?been?to＋地点 ?去过某地 ????
i?have?been?to?beijing.?我去过北京。?
辨析：have?been?to＋sp.与?have?gone?to?＋sp.?
①have?been?to?＋sp.,?表示去过某处，现在已经回来了，不在那里了。?
?we?have?been?to?qingdao.??我们去过青岛。（现在不在青岛）
?②have?gone?to?＋sp.,?表示到某处去了，现在还没有回来。?
?they?have?gone?to?sydney.??他们去悉尼了。（现在在悉尼或在途中）
?③have?been?in?＋sp.,?表示在某处呆过多长时间。?
?how?long?have?you?been?in?china??你在中国住了多长时间？
3. neither,?nor用法相同，都用于否定的倒装，意为“也不”。
so用于肯定的倒装。意为“也”。
?①否定句＋neither/nor＋be(have,?助动词或情态动词)＋另一主语，表示“也不”。
if?you?won’t?go,?neither?will?i.?如果你不去，我也不去。??
he?isn’t?a?teacher,?neither?am?i.?他不是老师，我也不是。
②肯定句＋so＋be(have,?助动词或情态动词)＋另一主语，表示“也”。?
she?likes?apples,?so?does?her?brother.?她喜欢苹果，她弟弟也喜欢。??
he?is?from?the?usa,?so?is?his?wife.?他是美国人，他妻子也是。
4. 辨析：hear，hear?of与hear?from?
(1)hear为及物动词，意为“听见，听到”，后可跟复合宾语
hear?sb?do?sth表示“听见某人做了某事”或hear?sb?doing?sth表示“听见某人正做某事”。?
we?listened?but?could?hear?nothing.?我们留心听，却什么也没有听见。
i?heard?her?singing?in?her?room.?我听见她正在房间里唱歌。?
(2)hear还可作“听说”讲，后常跟that引导的宾语从句。??
i?heard?that?he?was?ill.?我听说他病了。?
i?heard?that?it’s?a?good?film.?我听说那是部好影片。
??
(3)hear?of意为“听说”，后跟人或物作宾语。?
i’ve?never?heard?of?that?place.?我从未听说过那个地方。????
have?you?ever?heard?of?that?story??你听说过那个故事吗？?
(4)hear?from意为“收到某人的来信”，后跟人作宾语。?
how?often?do?you?hear?from?your?sister??你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次信？???
i?heard?from?him?last?week.?我上周收到他的信。
5. find，find?out与look?for都含有“寻找，找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。
(1)find意为“找到，发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调的是找的结果。?
will?you?find?me?a?pen???你替我找支钢笔好吗？????
?he?didn’t?find?his?bike.??他没找到他的自行车。
(2)look?for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。??
i?don’t?find?my?pen；i’m?looking?for?it?everywhere.?我没有找到我的钢笔，我正到处找。
(3)find?out意为“找出，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。?
please?find?out?when?the?train?leaves.?请查一下火车什么时候离站。??
read?this?passage，and?find?out?the?answer?to?this?question.?读这篇短文，找出这个问题的答案。
unit10 i’ve?had?this?bike?for?three?years.
1. some… others…
some people still live in their hometown. ?however, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有些人仍然住在家乡。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
2. ?as for me, i did not want to give up my football shirts, ?but, to be honest，i have not played for a while now.
至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衣。但是，说实在的，我现在巳经有一段时间没有踢(足球)了。
3. have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things??你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西？
4. what would you do with the money you raise??你会怎么处理你所筹集到的钱？
5. 与现在完成时连用的时间状语
already?(肯定句)；yet?(否定或疑问)；just；before；never；ever；recently最近；so?far?到目前为止；
表示次数的词，如：once,?twice,?three?times；
for+时间段=?since+时间段+ago；since+过去时间点；since+过去时的句子；
how?long；these?days等?????
