知识微充电—语法
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英语语法
副词

定义：副词用来修饰动词（系动词除外），形容词，其它副词或整个句子。

功能：表示时间、方式、程度、范围等。

分类：

● 时间及频度副词：before, frequently, always, usually 等

● 地点副词：here, northward, anywhere, above, below 等

● 方式副词：rapidly, quickly, clearly, hard, well 等

● 程度副词：quite, much, nearly, just, enough, perfectly, only 等

● 疑问副词：how, why, when, where 等

例：He walked out of the room slowly.
She looks very beautiful.
We study English very carefully.
Even a child can do it better.
Perhaps she will telephone you tomorrow.

几个重要副词的使用：

1. enough：修饰形容词或副词，须置于被修饰词后；而修饰名词时放在修饰词的前面。
He is old enough to go to school.

2. too：位于形容词或副词前。
She is too eager to see me.

3. very：置于所修饰的形容词、副词前。
He is very handsome and many girls like to speak with him.

4. much：修饰动词，形容词及副词比较级。
The subject has been talked too much.
Her dress is much more beautiful than mine.

5. still: “依旧，仍然”用于肯定句、否定句中。
He still remembers the days they spent together.
I still can not catch his words.

6. yet: 位于疑问句末尾时意思是“已经”；用于否定句时意思是“还”。
Have you emptied the dustbin yet?
I haven't done that yet.

7. only: 根据句意灵活运用。（请翻译下面三个句子！）
Only he can tell you how to do it.
He can only tell you how to do it.
He can tell you how to do it only today.

8. hardly, scarcely, seldom, never本身为否定意义副词，注意使用。
Hardly had we left the station when it began to rain.

几个易混淆的副词：

1. easy: stand easy (= comfortably)
easily: It can't be solved easily.

2. clear: The bullet went clear through the
(= directly)
clearly: Clearly, he doesn't know anything about it.
(= obviously)

3. high: He can jump very high.（高地）
highly: We think highly of the good teacher.（高度地）

4. just: We have just know the news.（刚刚）
justly: He was justly punished.（公正地）

5. hard: You must think hard.（努力地）
hardly: He hardly knows about it.（几乎不）

6. pretty: He is not pretty sure about it.（非常）
prettily: The girl is prettily dressed.（漂亮地）

7. near: He lives near the school.（附近）
nearly: I nearly missed the bus.（几乎）

8. late: Don't come late next time.（迟到）
lately: I haven't read novels lately.（最近）

9. formally: You should be dressed formally at the meeting.（正式地）
formerly: Formerly, he was the manager of the company.（以前）

10. free（免费地）
freely（自由地）

11. most（最）
mostly（大部分）

12. sharp（准时地）
sharply（严厉地）

英语语法
形容词

定义：形容词是用来修饰名词的词，描述名词的性质、外观、特点等。

功能：形容词可以做定语、表语或补助语。

分类：主要分为两类：描绘性形容词和限定性形容词。
●

描绘性形容词主要用来描绘大、小、新旧、颜色、质量等。
● 限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰词的数量、距离及范围所属等。

1．当形容词修饰单数可数名词时，必须与冠词连用：
a lovely girl, the naughty boy

2．形容词可与系动词连用，做表语，说明主语的性状。常用系动词有：be, become, seem, appear, feel, look, taste, smell, sound, remain, go, turn, keep, stay, etc.
The dish tastes delicious.
The music sounds sweet.
The milk went bad.
小心陷阱：feel，smell，taste，look，keep有时可以用作实义动词，并可以用副词修饰。
He looked me up and down carefully.
I tasted the soup slowly to see whether it was salty.

3．形容词用作后置定语。（简单理解：一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面，但有些形容词修饰名词时放在名词的后面）
a river navigable（一条可通航的河）
sight visible (可见的景象)
person responsible（负责人）注意：responsible person（有责任心的人）
the best way possible（尽可能好的办法）
the number necessary（必要的数量）
the people present（在场的人）

4．只能作表语的形容词

(1) 某些表示健康状况的形容词。
well（身体好的），ill（病的），faint（虚弱的），poorly（身体不好的）
示例：His mother has been ill for a long time.
特别注意：sick是个特例。它既可做表语，又可做定语。
He is sick for a couple of days.（他病两三天了）
He is a sick person.（他是个病人。）

(2) 某些以 a-开头的形容词。
如：afraid, alone, alive, asleep, awake, aware
The old man is alone in the house.（老人一个人在家。）
The teacher is alive with enthusiasm.（这位老师热情洋溢。）
He is asleep in his mother's arms.（他在母亲的怀抱中睡着了。）
I have been aware of the difficulty.（我已经意识到了困难。）